Entries by Spencer Burton

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Real Estate Equity Waterfall Model – IRR and Equity Multiple Hurdles (Updated July 2025)

Over the years, this real estate equity waterfall with annual periods and IRR or Equity Multiple hurdles has been one of the most popular models in our library of real estate Excel models. It’s been downloaded thousands of times and we’ve received dozens of suggestions for how to improve the model. As a result, we […]

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Ground Lease Valuation Model (Updated July 2025)

The topic of ground leases has come up several times in the past few weeks. Numerous A.CRE readers have emailed to ask for a purpose-built Ground Lease Valuation Model. And I’m in the process of creating an Advanced Concepts Module for our real estate financial modeling Accelerator program covering the mechanics of modeling ground leases. […]

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Residential Land Development Pro Forma (Updated July 2025)

As many of you know, I started my career in residential land development first as a broker and later as a principal. During that time, I built my fair share of residential land development Excel pro formas, modeling returns and forecasting cash flows for my clients and investor partners. I’ve since transitioned into the institutional […]

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AI Tools for Commercial Real Estate (Summer 2025 Edition)

If you haven’t noticed, we’ve been exploring use cases, training, and tools related to AI in commercial real estate a lot lately! The reason is that Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to revolutionize the commercial real estate industry by transforming the way acquisitions, development, management, advisory, and marketing teams in the industry operate. AI tools […]

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All-in-One (Ai1) Model for Underwriting Development and Acquisitions (Updated July 2025)

As many of you recall, in 2015 I set out to build an Excel alternative to the widely-used (and now discontinued) ARGUS DCF. With career moves and a lot of other A.CRE-related side projects, this undertaking has been slow going. Alas, in 2016 I released the first beta-version of the model – my All-in-One (Ai1) […]

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Single Family Home Construction Pro Forma for Home Builders (Updated July 2025)

I’m often asked to share models centered around residential development and home building. This is an area of real estate I’m completely comfortable in, since I spent the first 10 years of my career in new residential development. Not surprisingly, I’ve assembled a decent size library of Excel pro formas for land developers and home […]

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A.CRE Value-Add Apartment Acquisition Model (Updated Jun 2025)

We’ve shared a handful of apartment models over the years. Several of those are capable of analyzing apartment acquisitions but none was built for the express purpose of modeling value-add apartment deals. As a result, each has its limitations in value-add scenarios. So today, I’m excited to share a new apartment model; this one built […]

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Office Real Estate Development Model (Updated Jun 2025)

I’m excited to share my Office Development Model in Excel. This pro forma analysis tool comes as I’ve continued to build and share specialty real estate models, tailor-made for specific investment scenarios and property types. This model is an adaptation of my Industrial Development Model. It’s specifically built to analyze both merchant-build and build-to-core, ground-up […]

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Why I Chose a Masters in Real Estate over an MBA (Updated 2025)

Going back to graduate school is a huge commitment. First there’s the admissions process, which means spending hours and hours studying for the GMAT or GRE, filling out lengthy admissions applications, writing dozens of mindless essays, preparing for and doing informal and formal admissions interviews, and enduring the stress of not knowing if you’re in, or […]

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Watch Me Build a Residential Land Development Model (Updated June 2025)

Over the years, we’ve created a sizable library of Watch Me Build videos covering Excel models for various real estate investment and property types. However, we’ve yet to create a Watch Me Build involving for-sale product. So this weekend, I thought I’d sit down and record myself building a residential land development model. The exercise […]