Real Estate Financial Modeling

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Real Estate Financial Modeling Accelerator (Updated April 2024)

Prior to launching the Accelerator program, Michael and I fielded email after email requesting a more structured real estate financial modeling training program on the site. Over the years, we've covered hundreds of real estate modeling…
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Forecasting After-Tax Cash Flow in Real Estate Analysis (Updated May 2022)

When modeling real estate investments, industry practice is generally to stop at before-tax cash flow. And this makes sense in most instances. No two owners of real estate have the exact same tax situation and no two properties necessarily have…
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Scenario Analysis Tool using the Equity Waterfall Model (UPDATED MAY 2022)

I received a question this morning asking how to use scenario (or sensitivity) analysis with our Real Estate Equity Waterfall Model. I started to answer the question via email, decided to build an Excel file to go along with my answer, and ultimately…
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Real Estate Debt Module in Excel (Updated May 2022)

I thought I'd share the real estate debt module I built for the ARGUS alternative in Excel that I've been working on over the last few months. Most debt modules I've seen in real estate financial models only include the ability to model…
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Microsoft has blocked the macros in my A.CRE model – What now?

When downloading and opening an Excel model from A.CRE, some users may get the ominous message: "Microsoft has blocked macros from running because the source of this file is untrusted." If you've received this message, you're probably asking,…
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Physical Occupancy Calculation Model for Real Estate (UPDATED MAY 2022)

As many of you know, I'm in the midst of moving my family from Milwaukee to Dallas, and quite frankly I'm getting sick of eating out and sleeping in hotel rooms. So what better way to unwind from hours of whining kids and tiresome travel, than…
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4-Tier Equity Multiple Waterfall – Download and Watch Me Build (UPDATED APR 2022)

Here is a simple, yet very powerful, 4-tier equity multiple waterfall module. This post contains both a completed version of the module ready to plug into a real estate financial model as well as a 'Watch Me Build' template and companion video…
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Development Draw Schedule – Visually Customize Each Line Item (UPDATED APR 2022)

Working a lot with development draw schedules, I have always been looking for a catch all solution as to how one could easily model all the unique ways cash actually flows over time during the process. The norm for many is to model cash flows…
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Setting Up a New Real Estate Financial Model – Date and Period Headers Plus Formatting (Updated Apr 2022)

We've spent a lot of time here discussing and sharing different real estate models, and we've received a ton of feedback from our readers as a result. In some of that feedback we've received, several people have asked what period and date rows…
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Office Purchase and Sales Agreement

This article outlines specific concerns related to an office commercial real estate purchase and sales agreement. Below, we'll discuss the clauses in the agreement to adjust from a neutral agreement between buyer and seller. You can download…
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Construction Draw Schedule: Accounting For True LTC (Updated Apr 2022)

When lenders provide debt for a development project, they lend based on a Loan-to-Cost ratio (LTC), which is simply the percent of the total budget the lender will agree to lend to the borrower. So, if a project costs $10MM, and a lender loans…
real estate professional using the income approach, a financial tool to value income producing property
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A.CRE 101: How to Use the Income Capitalization Approach to Value Income-Producing Property (Updated Apr 2022)

In commercial real estate, there are a few generally accepted methods for appraising (or valuing) real property. The three most common are the Cost Approach, the Sales Comparison Method, and the Income Approach. The Income Approach includes…
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Convert Monthly Cash Flows to Quarterly and Annual Cash Flows (Updated Mar 2022)

Over the past few years, I've been working to build an ARGUS DCF alternative in Excel - or otherwise known here as the A.CRE All-in-One (Ai1) Model. As I've worked on that model, I've been jotting down modeling techniques I use and think would…
Preferred Return Return Capital
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Timing of Preferred Return vs Return of Capital in an Equity Waterfall with IRR Hurdles

Recently, we had an A.CRE reader ask us about the mechanics of Preferred Return distributions in our equity waterfall models with IRR hurdles. Specifically, he questioned the timing of when and how Preferred Return vs Return of Capital were…
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Underwriting a Tenant with Private Credit

Recently, we had an Accelerator member ask a question about how to accurately determine a credit rating and spec income discount rate for a private tenant in a single tenant net lease deal. While the scenario specifically involved a medical…
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Tutorials for the A.CRE Apartment Development Model

As promised, I'm following up the release of the A.CRE Apartment Development model with a series of walk-throughs and tutorials to help you better understand the various elements of the model. The tutorials start with the basics - a guide to…